The Impact Of Pharmacokinetics In Medical Discussion
Your discussion about the impact of pharmacokinetics in medical selection and administration is very informative because you have explained the different drugs that are affected by the route of administration. Knowing how some medicine should be administered and the reason behind that choice is good. According to Li et al. (2019), pharmacokinetics studies the body’s interactions with the drugs administered. Healthcare professionals need to understand the drug effects and which medication works after administering it differently. When using Nitroglycerin, it is crucial to avoid administering the drug through the oral route. The oral route does not work with Nitroglycerin because of the rapid hepatic metabolism, which leads to bioavailability (Prasanna et al., 2018)The Impact Of Pharmacokinetics In Medical Discussion.
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You have indicated that Nitroglycerin is highly lipid; hence, it can easily cross the membranes. Therefore, the best way to administer Nitroglycerin is by placing it inside the mouth, either below the tongue, next to the gums, or on the cheeks. It will be absorbed easily through the transdermal route, allowing quick absorption, especially in emergencies where the drug should work within the shortest time possible (Prasanna et al., 2018). You should have added that Nitroglycerin should not be chewed or swallowed as their effectiveness will be low.
Fentanyl is also affected by the route of administration. Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid approved by the FDA to treat severe pains, especially pains that are related to surgery or various complex conditions (Jobski et al., 2022). It is also used for cancer patients who experience a lot of pain which cannot be reduced by taking other painkillers. Fentanyl is not administered orally because it has a high pass metabolism and a decreased bioavailability. Some of the ways that Fentanyl can be administered include IV, sublingual, and transdermal for medical use (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2023)The Impact Of Pharmacokinetics In Medical Discussion. In this case, you should have included some of the effects of administering the medicine orally so that others can know the negative impact of doing so. Being a heavy drug, it is also important to advise patients and caregivers on the importance of avoiding taking the medicine orally, especially those who are in critical pain. It is also important to note that fentanyl products cannot be interchangeable on a microgram-to-microgram basis due to differences in bioavailability.
I like how you have discussed bioavailability and how it relates to the drug administration route. I agree that bioavailability is the extent and the rate at which the active drug ingredients from any drug product are absorbed in the system and become available at the site of drug action. It is essential to know the bioavailability of each drug before administering it so that the effectiveness rate is higher. This will ensure that the drug’s role is achieved, making it easy for the patient to feel the effects within a short time after it is administered. If a drug is orally bioavailable, then it means that it can be taken by mouth, and the body will easily absorb it. If a drug is not administered through the correct route, then the patient can suffer from various side effects, including death (Tsegaye et al., 2020)The Impact Of Pharmacokinetics In Medical Discussion.
References
Jobski, K., Bantel, C., & Hoffmann, F. (2022). Abuse, dependence, and withdrawal associated with Fentanyl and the role of its (designated) route of administration: An analysis of spontaneous reports from Europe. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 79(2), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-022-03431-x
Li, Y., Meng, Q., Yang, M., Liu, D., Hou, X., Tang, L., Wang, X., Lyu, Y., Chen, X., Liu, K., Yu, A., Zuo, Z., & Bi, H. (2019). Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(6), 1113-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023, June 16). Fentanyl. Accessed February 29, 2024, from https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/fentanyl
Prasanna, N., Dissanayake, H. A., & Constantine, G. R. (2018). Sublingual Nitroglycerin for Early Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Emergencies: Observations from an Emergency Department Clinical Audit in Sri Lanka. BMC Research Notes, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3460-0
Tsegaye, D., Alem, G., Tessema, Z., & Alebachew, W. (2020). Medication Administration Errors and Associated Factors among Nurses. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 1621-1632. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s289452 The Impact Of Pharmacokinetics In Medical Discussion
