The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
Introduction
In the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project, there are 10 key or strategic points that need to be clear, simple, correct, and aligned to ensure the project is doable, valuable, and credible. These points, which provide a guide or vision for the project, are present in almost any project. The 10 Strategic Points are defined within this document and a template provided. The ten strategic points are developed in a table format, as noted below.
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The Process for Defining the 10 Strategic Points
The order of the 10 Strategic points listed below reflects the order in which the learner completes the work product. The first five strategic points focus primarily on defining the purpose or focus for the project based on a clearly defined need or gap from the literature as well as the learner’s passion and specialty area focus. First, learners identify a broad topic area to investigate for their Direct Practice Improvement (DPI) Project. Second, learners complete a review of the literature to define the need or gap to be addressed, the theories and models that will provide a foundation for the project, related themes that are needed to demonstrate the learner’s expertise in the field and to define the key strategic points behind the learner’s proposed project. Third, the learners develop a clear, simple, one-sentence problem statement that defines the problem or gap that will be addressed by the DPI project. Fourth, learners identify a potential population from which sample data will be collected for the project. Fifth, learners develop the clinical/PICOT question(s) that will define the data needed to address the problem statement.
Based on the first five strategic points above, learners next define the key aspects of the project methodology through the last five strategic points. The sixth point describes the independent and dependent variables. Seventh, learners determine if the project will be a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology. Due to the evidence-based nature and feasibility of the DPI project requirement, most DPI projects will be utilizing a quantitative method because learners are not creating new evidence like that determined through qualitative or mixed methods.
For the eighth strategic point, learners develop a purpose statement by integrating the problem statement, methodology, design, sample, and location. Ninth, learners identify the data they will need to collect to address the clinical questions or PICOT components. This includes the variables, level of measurement, and method used to collect the data (e.g., interviews, focus groups, observations, tested and validated instruments or surveys, databases, public media, etc.). Tenth and last, learners identify the appropriate data analysis, based on their project design and variables, which will be used to answer the clinical questions and address the problem statement.
Criteria for Evaluating the 10 Strategic Points: Clear, Simple, Correct, and Aligned
When developing a project, it is important to define the 10 Strategic points, so they are simple, clear, and correct in order to ensure that anyone who reviews them will easily understand them. It is important to align all of the 10 Strategic points to ensure it will be possible to conduct and complete the project. The problem statement must be derived from the literature or practice problem. The clinical questions must be used to specify the variables or data to be collected to answer the problem statement. The methodology and design must be appropriate for the problem statement, clinical, and PICOT question(s). The data collection and data analysis must provide the information to answer the PICOT questions.
Developing the 10 Strategic Points document begins in DNP-815 begins as a two- or three-page document that can help ensure clarity, simplicity, correctness, and alignment of each of these 10 key or Strategic points in the prospectus, proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project. Developing these 10 Strategic points using this easy-to-use use template ensures the 10 Strategic points will always be worded the same throughout the prospectus, proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project manuscript. Please see the table below regarding the development of the citation requirements expected per course.
Course # of Themes # of Sub-themes Minimal number of articles
DNP-815 Minimum of 2 themes (can have more) Minimum of 3 per theme Begin collecting evidence synthesis of the sub-themes (3 articles per sub-theme) The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
o If you have the scholarly referenced article, you may begin adding them now)
MUST have 1-2 original research articles from the USA to support the intervention within five years of your graduation date
DNP-820 Minimum of 2 themes (can have more) Minimum of 3 per theme Need a minimum of one, scholarly referenced article per sub-theme (at least 6)
MUST have 2 original research articles from the USA to support the intervention within five years of your graduation date
DNP-830 Minimum of 2 themes (can have more) Minimum of 3 per theme Need a minimum of two, scholarly referenced articles per sub-theme (at least 12)
MUST have 2 original research articles from the USA to support the intervention within five years of your graduation date. Other research articles may added from US, Canada, UK, Denmark, India, New Zealand, Germany, or Australia.
DNP-835 Minimum of 2 themes (can have more) Minimum of 3 per theme Need a minimum of three, scholarly referenced articles per sub-theme (at least 18)
Value of the 10 Strategic Points Document
The 10 Strategic Points document can be used for communicating and aligning key stakeholders for the Direct Practice Improvement Project. This document can be used to obtain agreement between the learner and the chair regarding the initial focus and approach for the project. The document can be used to review the proposed project with the people or organizations from whom learners need to gain permission to conduct their project, a critical step required before learners can develop their proposal. The document also proves useful for communicating the Direct Practice Improvement Project focus when attracting a Content Expert, as well as for reviewing the proposal with the Direct Practice Improvement Project committee and the AQR reviewers. Learners may choose to consult methodologists, statisticians, and editors in the process of developing the final manuscript from the 10 Strategic points.
Examples of the 10 Strategic Points Document
It is important that the 10 Strategic points are clear, concise, doable, and aligned throughout the prospectus, proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project. Provided below is an example of a completed 10 Strategic Points document for a quantitative project. Following the example, a blank 10 Strategic Points Table template is provided for learners to use when developing their own 10 Strategic Point documents.
Example: 10 Strategic Points Document for a Quantitative Project
Ten Strategic Points
The 10 Strategic Points
Broad Topic Area 1. Broad Topic Area:
Hint: What would I title my project? (Follow APA rules, title needs to be 12 words or less. Avoid acronyms in the title.)
Literature Review 2. Literature Review:
List primary points for four sections in the Literature Review: Background of the problem/gap, theoretical foundations (models and theories to be the foundation for the project); review of literature topics with the key theme for each one; and summary.
a. Background of the Problem/Gap:
• Rural ambulatory clinics have had to reorganize their management structures to enhance reimbursement.
• Access to appropriate health services for rural Americans needs to be improved in areas where specialists are not available (Schoenberg, 2012)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
• Telehealth nursing services can be provided through rural health clinics to support specialty clinics (Schoenberg, 2012).
• Approximately 200 telemedicine networks have been established nationwide. (American Telemedicine Association, 2017)
b. Theoretical Foundations (models and theories to be the foundation for the project):
• The Greenhalgh’s Dissemination of Innovations model (Greenhalgh, Robert, Bate, Macfarlane, & Kyriakidau, 2005) can be used to implement rural telehealth services for rural Americans.
• The D&M Information System Success model (DeLone &McLean, 2003) is a framework to conceptualize and operationalize information system success.
• Path constitution theory combines two contrasting perspectives on technology, path dependence, and path creation (Singh, Mathiassen, & Mishra, 2015)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
c. Review of Literature Topics with Key Themes and Subthemes
Rural Telehealth Services: (Theme example)
• Rural telehealth can improve care in burn patients (McWilliams, Hendricks, Twigg, Wood, & Giles, 2016); smoking cessation (Carlson, Lounsberry, Maciejewski, Wright, Collacutt, & Taenzer, 2011), psychotherapy (Gonzales & Brossart, 2015); cancer education (Doorenbos et al., 2011); diabetes (Holloway, Coon, Kersten, & Clemins, 2011).
Population Specific Telehealth Services:
• Community-based telehealth: Home-based telehealth can enhance older adults’ access to care and facilitate patient-provider collaboration, which may, in turn, improve patient self-management (Hsieh, Tsai, Chic, & Lin, 2015).
• Chronically ill: Disease management needs of chronically ill patients include prescription refills, medication and symptom management, lab results, and patient education (Vinson, McCallum, Thornlow, & Champagne, 2011).
• Rural Native American telehealth: Telehealth can improve health disparities in Native American communities (Kruse, Bouffard, Dougherty, & Parro, 2016).
• Diabetes education and management: Telehealth education improves glycemic control (Barker, Mallow, Theeke, & Schwertfeger, 2016)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
• Mental health emergencies can be managed effectively through telehealth services (Saurman et al., 2011).
Settings:
• Rural health clinic/hospital (Carlson et al., 2011); Doorenbos et al., 2011; Gonzales & Brossart, 2015; Holloway et al., 2011).
• Home-based (Demiris et al., 2023).
• Community center (Demiris et al., 2023).
• Library (Demiris et al., 2023).
• Smartphone, computer-based (Forchuk et al., 2016).
Certifications:
• National Committee for Quality Assurance (n.d). Disease Management Accreditation. Retrieved from http://www.ncqa.org/programs/accreditation/disease-management-dm
• American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (n.d.). CCRN-E: Certification for Tele-ICU Nurses. Retrieved from https://www.aacn.org/certification?tab=First-Time%20Certification
• Acute stroke ready designation (Slivinski, Johes, Whitehead, & Hooper, 2017)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
Network Systems:
• American Telemedicine Association: Approximately 200 telemedicine networks have been established nationwide (Frederick, 2013).
• Tablet PC Enabled Body Sensor System: a continuous real-time collection of physiological parameters (Panicker, Kumar, 2016).
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d. Summary
• Gap/Problem: There is a need to implement evidence-based methods of improving the health outcomes of rural residents through the use of telehealth.
• Prior studies: Prior studies show that telehealth improves patient outcomes in diverse settings, including rural areas.
• Quantitative application: Sources of data exist to collect numerical data on the rate of follow-up with the primary care provider in rural areas.
• Significance: Improving the rate of follow-up with the primary care provider will improve the health outcomes of rural residents.
Problem Statement 3. Problem Statement: The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
Describe the variables/groups to project, in one sentence.
A well-written problem statement begins with the big picture of the issue (macro) and works to the small, narrower, and more specific problem (micro). It clearly communicates the significance, magnitude, and importance of the problem and transitions into the Purpose of the Project with a declarative statement such as: “It is not known if and to what degree/extent…” or “It is not known how/why and….”
It was not known if or to what degree the implementation of __________________would impact ______________ when compared to _______________ among ___________ (population).
While the literature indicates that telehealth is an important emerging technology for rural patient access, it is unknown if the implementation of telehealth impacts the rate of patient follow up for patients living in a rural area.
Clinical or
PICOT Questions 4. PICOT Questions or Clinical Question:
(P) Among adult patients in a rural care setting, (I) how does the implementation of a telehealth program (C) compare to traditional commute-for-care (O) impact rate of follow-up with the primary care provider (T) over a period of four weeks?
Clinical Question:
To what degree does the implementation of _______________ (intervention) impacts __________________ (what) when compared to _____________ among _____________ (population) patients in a ______ (setting) in _______ (state)? The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
Sample 5. Sample (and Location):
Identify sample, needed sample size, and location (project phenomena with small numbers and variables/groups with large numbers).
a. Location: Arizona
b. Population (Participants)
c. Sample: 40 participants include a power analysis if appropriate.
d. Inclusion Criteria
Who can participate?
e. Exclusion Criteria
Who cannot participate
Define Variables 6. Define Variables:
a. Independent Variable (Intervention): Telehealth program.
b. Dependent Variable: Follow-up rate with the primary care provider.
Methodology and Design 7. Methodology and Design:
Name the selected methodology and specific design to address the problem statement and clinical questions:
This project will use a quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental design.
Purpose Statement 8. Purpose Statement:
Provide one sentence statement of purpose including the problem statement, sample, methodology, and design:
The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental project was to determine if or to what degree the implementation of _________________ (intervention) would impact ______________(what) when compared to _______________________ among ___________(population) in a ________ (setting ie: primary care clinic, ER, OR) in ________ (state) over _____ time.
Data Collection Approach 9. Data Collection Approach:
Describe primary instruments that will be used to answer the clinical question. Think about your step by step data collection approach from start to finish.
Data Analysis Approach 10. Data Analysis Approach:
Descriptive statistics will describe the sample characteristics and variable results.
Explain the test used to obtain the statistical analysis and results of the measurable patient outcome.
What method will be used to justify the sample size? The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
10 Strategic Points Table
(Use this table to complete the 10 Strategic Points document for your project.)
The 10 Strategic Points
Broad Topic Area 1. Broad Topic Area/Title of Project: Impact of Nutrition Guideline on Weight in Renal Disease Adults on Hemodialysis
Literature Review 2. Literature Review:
a. Background of the Problem/Gap:
• Adults with advanced-stage of kidney disease rely on either a transplant or hemodialysis to maintain their lives.
• Hemodialysis is a crucial procedure that helps balance the fluids in their bodies by managing the intake and removal of sodium during each session (Wong M. et al., 2017)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion. This study seeks to explore how adhering closely to the prescribed diet and fluid restrictions affects the weight gain experienced by patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Previous research has highlighted how imbalances between plasma and dialysate levels of sodium can cause higher thirst and weight gain among these patients (Jalalzadeh et al., 2021). However, more research is needed to understand how patient education about fluid and diet restrictions can improve adherence to these recommendations.
i. Significance of the problem:
• The significance of addressing the practice problem lies in the potential to improve the health outcomes and quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Non-adherence to fluid and diet restrictions among ESRD patients at the practice site has resulted in fluid overload and intradialytic weight gain, which can have detrimental effects on their well-being.
• One of the key concerns associated with intradialytic weight gain is its impact on cardiovascular health. Fluid overload places an increased workload on the heart and raises the risk of heart failure (Weiner et al., 2017). Furthermore, weight gain can worsen underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, exacerbating the already compromised health status of ESRD patients (Han et al., 2020).
• To mitigate these risks and enhance patient outcomes, adherence to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines on nutrition is essential. These guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for nutrition management at each stage of chronic kidney disease, including hemodialysis (Sakai et al., 2017). By following these guidelines, patients can potentially achieve better weight control and overall health outcomes. The effectiveness of nutrition guidelines and adherence to fluid and diet restrictions has been demonstrated in various healthcare organizations. Studies have shown that following these guidelines can lead to improvements in weight management and a reduction in intradialytic weight gain, thereby reducing the associated risks (Sakai et al., 2017)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
• Implementing and promoting adherence to these guidelines at the project site can have significant implications. It can potentially reduce fluid overload, decrease intradialytic weight gain, and improve cardiovascular health outcomes among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Additionally, maintaining an appropriate weight through adherence to fluid and diet restrictions can contribute to an enhanced quality of life for these patients.
• By addressing the practice problem and integrating the KDOQI guidelines into clinical practice, this project aims to bridge the gap between research and practice, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes in the context of ESRD and hemodialysis treatment.
b. Theoretical Foundations (models and theories to be foundation for the project):
• Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory: Henderson’s Nursing Need theory emphasizes the importance of providing nursing care that addresses the physical, psychological, and social needs of patients (Henderson, 1997). The concepts of addressing the physical, psychological, and social needs align with the problem of interdialytic weight gain among ESRD patients in that it highlights the importance of addressing the physical needs of patients through appropriate fluid and diet management.
• Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM): The TTM of change acknowledges that individuals undergo distinct stages while advancing through the change process, including pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance (Hashemzadeh et al., 2019). For instance, ESRD patients may initially find themselves in the initial stage of unawareness or lacking commitment to prioritizing adherence. Healthcare providers can enhance patient motivation and compliance levels towards fluid and diet prohibitions by comprehending their willingness to reform behaviors and devising customized interventions such as delivering education sessions alongside counseling services supplemented with consistent support throughout various stages of treatment progression. This approach could facilitate an increased rate of successful transformation from one phase to another, leading to better outcomes in ESRD patients’ well-being.
c. Review of Literature with Key Organizing Themes and Sub-themes (Identify at least two themes, with three sub-themes per theme)
Theme 1: Importance of Diet and Fluid Restriction in ESRD Management
• Sub-theme 1: Understanding End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
a) Prevalence and impact of ESRD and CKD on patient health
b) Clinical manifestations and complications associated with ESRD and CKD
c) Significance of diet and fluid management in ESRD treatment The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
• Sub-theme 2: Strategies for Effective Diet and Fluid Management
a) Nutritional guidelines and recommendations for ESRD patients
b) Approaches to achieving optimal sodium and fluid balance
c) Role of dietary education and counseling in promoting adherence to restrictions
• Sub-theme 3: Benefits of Diet and Fluid Restriction in ESRD Patients
a) Impact of adherence to diet and fluid restrictions on intradialytic weight gain
b) Relationship between diet and fluid management and cardiovascular health outcomes
c) Improvement in overall quality of life for ESRD patients through dietary interventions
Theme 2: Enhancing Patient Engagement in Diet and Fluid Restrictions
• Sub-theme 1: Patient Education and Empowerment
a) Importance of patient education on the rationale and benefits of diet and fluid restrictions
b) Strategies for effectively communicating dietary recommendations to ESRD patients
c) Promoting patient self-management and active involvement in decision-making
• Sub-theme 2: Overcoming Barriers to Adherence
a) Identifying common challenges and barriers to adherence among ESRD patients
b) Interventions to address psychological, social, and practical barriers
c) Collaborative approaches involving healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers to enhance adherence
• Sub-theme 3: Support Systems and Interventions
a) Role of interdisciplinary care teams in supporting patients’ diet and fluid management
b) Implementing behavioral interventions and tailored support programs
c) Utilizing technology and remote monitoring to improve patient adherence and outcomes The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
d. Summary
• Gap/Problem: The gap identified in the project is the non-adherence to fluid and diet restrictions among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, leading to fluid overload and intradialytic weight gain.
• Prior studies: Previous research has demonstrated the association between positive dialysate-to-plasma sodium gradient, increased thirst, and intradialytic weight gain in ESRD patients.
• Quantitative application: Quantitative data can be collected to measure the rate of adherence to fluid and diet restrictions among ESRD patients and assess the impact on intradialytic weight gain.
Significance: Improving adherence to fluid and diet restrictions is significant as it can reduce fluid overload, decrease intradialytic weight gain, and improve cardiovascular health outcomes among ESRD patients. Furthermore, maintaining appropriate weight through adherence to these restrictions can enhance the overall quality of life for ESRD patients.
Problem Statement 3. Problem Statement:
It is unknown if or to what degree the implementation of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Nutrition Guideline for intradialytic sodium and fluid overload would impact the weights of renal disease adults in a hemodialysis facility compared to standard practices among the same population)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion.
Clinical/
PICOT Questions 4. Clinical/PICOT Questions:
To what degree does the implementation of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Nutrition Guideline for intradialytic sodium and fluid overload impact the weights of renal disease adults when compared to standard practices among hemodialysis patients in a hemodialysis facility in Florida State over four weeks?
Sample 5. Sample (and Location):
a. Location: Florida (State)
b. Population (Participants): Outpatient individuals diagnosed with ESRD and undergoing sustained hemodialysis for over 90 days
c. Sample: The desired sample size is 80 participants. This sample size was determined using a power analysis, specifically the G*Power analysis sample size calculator, to ensure adequate statistical power for the study.
Specify the sample size desired and perform a power analysis if appropriate.
d. Inclusion Criteria
• Adult patients (18 years of age or older)
• Patients diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
• Patients undergoing sustained hemodialysis for over 90 days
• Patients receiving outpatient care
• Patients residing in health facilities within Florida
• Patients who are willing to participate in the study The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
e. Exclusion Criteria
• Patients under the age of 18
• Patients who have not been diagnosed with ESRD
• Patients who have not undergone sustained hemodialysis for over 90 days
• Inpatient status
• Patients residing outside of Florida
• Patients who explicitly state their unwillingness to participate in the study
Patients who are not receiving care at the specified health facilities within Florida
Define Variables 6. Define Variables and Level of Measurement:
a. Independent Variable (Intervention): The implementation of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Nutrition Guideline for intradialytic sodium and fluid overload management.
b. Dependent Variable: weights of renal disease adults in the hemodialysis facility.
Methodology and Design Methodology and Design: The project will utilize a quantitative research methodology to investigate the impact of the implementation of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Nutrition Guideline for intradialytic sodium and fluid overload on the weights of renal disease adults in a hemodialysis facility.
The project will employ a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group. The intervention group will consist of renal disease adults in the hemodialysis facility who receive the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Nutrition Guideline, while the control group will consist of renal disease adults in the same facility who receive standard practices. Pretest measurements of weights will be taken before the intervention, and posttest measurements will be taken after the intervention to assess any changes in weights. The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
Purpose Statement Purpose Statement:
The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental project was to determine if or to what degree the implementation of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Nutrition Guideline for intradialytic sodium and fluid overload would impact the weights of renal disease adults when compared to standard practices among individuals undergoing hemodialysis in a hemodialysis facility in Florida over four weeks.
Data Collection Approach Data Collection Approach:
I. The data collection for this study will involve the use of a Modified End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) to assess adherence to fluid and diet restrictions and a Hemodialysis/Intra-dialytic Weight Flow Sheet (HFS) to record patients’ weight measurements. Demographic information such as age, gender, educational background, and ethnicity will be collected using a separate demographic questionnaire. The demographic questionnaire will be designed as a paper-based or electronic form, depending on the preference of the participants and the feasibility of data collection in the hemodialysis facility setting. The data collected from the demographic questionnaire will be entered into an electronic spreadsheet or database for analysis.
II. One validated and reliable instrument commonly used to measure patient outcomes in this context is the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaire. The KDQOL questionnaire is a widely used instrument designed specifically for patients with kidney disease. It assesses various aspects of health-related quality of life, including physical functioning, mental health, kidney disease symptoms and problems, the burden of kidney disease, and effects of kidney disease on daily life.
III. The step-by-step process for data collection will involve administering the questionnaires (ESRD-AQ and the KDQOL questionnaire) to the participants during their hemodialysis sessions. The data will be collected directly from the participants themselves, either through self-report or with the assistance of a trained research team member. The participant’s responses will be recorded on paper or electronically, depending on the chosen data collection The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion method.
IV. To protect the data and participants, strict confidentiality measures will be implemented. Each participant will be assigned a unique identifier to ensure anonymity, and personal identifying information will be kept separate from the research data. The data will be securely stored in password-protected electronic files or locked cabinets, accessible only to authorized research personnel. Only aggregated and de-identified data will be used for analysis and reporting purposes.
V. In terms of ethical considerations, informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. They will be provided with detailed information about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Participants’ confidentiality will be strictly maintained, and any potential conflict of interest will be disclosed and managed appropriately.
VI. The principles of the Belmont Report, which include respect for persons, justice, and beneficence, will be upheld throughout the project. Respect for persons will be demonstrated by obtaining informed consent and protecting participants’ privacy. Justice will be ensured by selecting participants from diverse backgrounds and ensuring equal opportunity for participation. Beneficence will be upheld by conducting the study with the intention to improve patient outcomes and adherence to fluid and diet restrictions, ultimately contributing to the overall well-being of ESRD patients.
Data Analysis Approach Data Analysis Approach:
I. Descriptive statistics on SPSS will be used to analyze the participants’ demographic information. Measures such as means, standard deviations, medians, percentages, and interquartile ranges will be calculated for continuous and categorical data. This analysis will provide a summary of the participants’ characteristics, including age, gender, educational background, and other relevant demographic variables.
II. To analyze the measurable patient outcomes, statistical tests appropriate for the type of data and research questions will be employed. For example, chi-square tests or three-way contingency tables will be used to examine associations between variables such as patient adherence to fluid restrictions, medications, dietary recommendations, and hemodialysis schedules. This analysis will help categorize patient adherence into aggregated scores.
III. To assess the relationship between weight pre-dialysis and post-dialysis and compare weight loss across the sample based on age, t-tests will be conducted. This analysis will determine if there are significant differences in weight between the two time points and across different age groups. Additionally, a binomial logistic regression analysis will be performed to examine the correlation between diet and fluid restriction education, patient adherence level, and inter-dialytic weight gain. The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
References
APA formatted sources.
• Han, B. G., Lee, J. Y., Kim, M. R., Shin, H., Kim, J. S., Yang, J. W., & Kim, J. Y. (2020). Fluid overload is a determinant for cardiac structural and functional impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stage 5 not undergoing dialysis. PloS one, 15(7), e0235640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235640
• Hashemzadeh, M., Rahimi, A., Zare-Farashbandi, F., Alavi-Naeini, A. M., & Daei, A. (2019). Transtheoretical model of health behavioral change: A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 24(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_94_17
• Henderson, V. (1997). Basic principles of nursing care. International Council of Nurses.
• Jalalzadeh, M., Mousavinasab, S., Villavicencio, C., Aameish, M., Chaudhari, S., & Baumstein, D. (2021). Consequences of Interdialytic Weight Gain Among Hemodialysis Patients. Cureus, 13(5), e15013. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15013
• Sakai, A., Hamada, H., Hara, K., Mori, K., Uchida, T., Mizuguchi, T., Minaguchi, J., Shima, K., Kawashima, S., Hamada, Y., & Nikawa, T. (2017). Nutritional counseling regulates interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure in outpatients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The Journal of Medical Investigation: JMI, 64(1.2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.64.129
• Weiner, D. E., Brunelli, S. M., Hunt, A., Schiller, B., Glassock, R., Maddux, F. W., … & Nissenson, A. (2017). We are improving clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients: a proposal for a “volume first” approach from the chief medical officers of US dialysis providers. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 64(5), 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.003
• Wong, M. M., McCullough, K. P., Bieber, B. A., Bommer, J., Hecking, M., Levin, N. W., McClellan, W. M., Pisoni, R. L., Saran, R., Tentori, F., Tomo, T., Port, F. K., & Robinson, B. M. (2017). Interdialytic Weight Gain: Trends, Predictors, and Associated Outcomes in the International Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). American Journal of Kidney Diseases: The Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 69(3), 367–379. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.030 The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
Criterion Learner Score
(0, 1, 2, or 3) Chairperson Score
(0, 1, 2, or 3) Comments or Feedback
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
Topic: Provides a broad project topic area/title.
Literature Review: Lists primary points for four sections in the Literature Review: (a) Background of the problem/gap and the need for the project based on evidence from the literature; (b) Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be foundation for project); (c) Review of literature topics with at least two organizing themes and three sub-themes for each theme (d) Summary.
Minimum number of themes and sub-themes met per course requirement and
Did they meet the minimum article count for original research?
Problem Statement: Describes the problem in a single declarative sentence to address through the project based on defined gaps or needs from the literature.
Sample and Location: Identifies sample, needed sample size, location, and inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Clinical/PICOT Questions: Provides clinical/PICOT questions to all of the collected data needed to address the problem statement.
Variables: Provides variables for each project PICOT question component.
Methodology and Design: Describes the selected methodology and specific research design to address problem statements and clinical/PICOT questions.
Purpose Statement: Provides a one-sentence statement of purpose, including the problem statement, methodology, design, population sample, and location.
Data Collection: Describes primary instruments and sources of data to answer research questions. Reliability and Validity of the instruments are addressed.
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Data Analysis: Describes the specific data analysis approaches to address clinical/PICOT questions. The statistical test(s) that will be used must be identified and must be appropriate for the level of data and the clinical/PICOT question.
NOTE: Once your chairperson and your committee have approved the document and are ready to submit for AQR review, please remove all of these assessment tables from this document.
Score 0 (not present); 1 (unacceptable; needs substantial edits); 2 (present, but needs some editing); 3 (publication ready)The 10 Strategic Points For The Prospectus Discussion
