Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
An effective nurse educator has current, researched knowledge of teaching strategies to use in the educational setting. Effective evidence-based teaching strategies allow learners to collaborate with peers and participate in higher order thinking.
The purpose of this assignment is to compile an annotated bibliography of evidence-based teaching strategies for your practicum setting. Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
Provide a six-entry annotated bibliography of peer-reviewed/scholarly literature related to your chosen practicum topic and appropriate teaching strategies. Include a 150-word summary for each resource that includes the following:
Description of the evidence-based teaching strategy and its application to your practicum topic.
Description of the relevancy and accuracy of the source.
Description of the quality of the source.
Utilize \”Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,\” located in the Student Success Center, to review general guidelines and specific examples for creating an annotated bibliography.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
The Shadow Health Patient was Makayla Henderson. A 21-year-old biracial female who came to the clinic with painful urination, frequency, brown/ cloudy urine, and lower abdominal cramping for a few days. She stated her pain to be 7/10 with urination. LMP was 2 ½ weeks ago. She admitted to being sexually active. She is on birth control pill Norgestimate/ Ethinyl Estradiol combination once a day. She has allergies/ hypersensitivities to Penicillin which causes her to have a rash. Urinalysis confirmed UTI. She was prescribed Nitrofurantoin and Phenazopyridine to treat the infection. Education was provided at the time of discharge. Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
PHASE 3 ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL NURSE or COLLEAGUE SYNTHESES and PATIENT TREATMENT PLANS
This synthesis focuses on one of the clients, Ms. Makayla Henderson, who is a 21-year-old biracial female. She was diagnosed with UTI at the facility due to her genitourinary presentations. The patient presents with painful micturition, frequency, lower abdominal pain, and brown/cloudy urine, which began a few days ago. She reports pain which she rates at 7/10. Uncomplicated UTIs only involve the bladder. The patient is also on Norgestimate/Ethinyl estradiol, whose common side effects include UTI.
UTIs Pathophysiology
Urinary tract infections result from the invasion of the urethra by a microorganism, most often a bacterium, and subsequent ascension to other genitourinary system organs. Klein and Hultgren (2020) note that bacteria find their way through the urethral opening mucous membrane in UTI. Causes may include abrasion, decreased urine acidity, and urine retention or ascends along the urethra membrane. Sexual activity increases bacterial migration into the urethra. The bacteria then ascend into the bladder, causing irritation and inflammation of the bladder/ cystitis. The inflammation and irritation cause lower abdominal cramping and urine frequency (Klein & Hultgren, 2020). Inflammation debris, including pus, gives the urine the characteristic brown color common in UTs. Urethra mucosa involvement can cause pain in urination due to cell exposure to acidic urine. In some instances, the infection spreads to the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and causes marked symptoms such as flank pain.
Pharmacologic Management of UTIs
There are various treatment options for this patient with an STI. Wawrysiuk et al. (2019) state that the FDA-approved interventions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections are nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Care providers select a medication from these interventions based on sensitivity and culture results. These medications are given as single or combined therapies depending on the goals of care.
Non-pharmacologic treatment Interventions
Most of the non-pharmacologic interventions are used alongside medications. Some infections may be self-limiting, but neglected uncomplicated bacterial infections can spread and lead to complicated infections with severe systemic impacts. UltiPro Plus is a modern medical device used to prevent adherence of intestinal bacteria, especially E. coli, which is notorious for causing severe UTIs, hence reducing the incidences and severity of STIs (Cai et al., 2021). The fluids increase urine clearance, and studies show that individuals with an increased urine frequency are at lower risks for UTIs. In addition, urinating before and after sex may clear bacteria from the urethra to prevent their thrust into the urethra and limit bacteria ascension into the urethra and bladder. These interventions help prevent UTIs and promote the healing of UTIs. Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
References
Cai, T., Konstantinidis, C., & Ward, S. (2021). A non-pharmacological approach to the treatment of urinary tract infections: Case reports with Utipro® Plus. Drugs in Context, 10.https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2021-2-2
Klein, R. D., & Hultgren, S. J. (2020). Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and new treatment strategies. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 18(4), 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0324-0
Wawrysiuk, S., Naber, K., Rechberger, T., & Miotla, P. (2019). Prevention and treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance—non-antibiotic approaches: a systemic review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 300(4), 821-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05256-z
Synthesis Feedback
For this synthesis, I presented the information to a nurse in the medical-surgical unit. The nurse commended the simplicity and flow of the work done. She also suggested I include information on the newly FDA-approved medications for UTIs and other non-pharmacological interventions used alongside interventions. She emphasized the importance of maintaining hygiene and urinating before and after sex. The rationale is to keep the bacteria count in the genital area below the virulent level and prevent the ascension of bacteria into the urethra. The feedback from the nurse improved my knowledge of the condition. The added knowledge information is reflected in the synthesis provided, Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
Treatment Plan for Patient Education Plan
Based on the clinical manifestation, the presenting condition is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. The condition results from an infection by microorganisms that ascend from the genitalia. UTIs can be sexually transmitted. The most common interventions are pharmacologic, while nonpharmacologic interventions are primarily used as supportive or preventive therapy. The diagnostic tests entail urinalysis (determine causes and effects), urine culture and sensitivity (for definitive treatment), CT scan (study involvement of the bladder and other abdominal organs), and cystoscopy (Bono & Reygaert, 2021). These tests help diagnose and treat the condition.
The treatment plan entails Nitrofurantoin 50mg QID and PO Phenazopyridine 100mg TID for seven days. Take 50mg of nitrofurantoin every six hours and Phenazopyridine every 8 hours for one week (Bono & Reygaert, 2021). These medications are antibiotics metabolized in the liver to produce active metabolites excreted through the kidneys. These metabolites then access the urinary tract, where they impact their actions. Klein and Hultgren 2020) note that other UTI interventions are hygienic and include urinating before and after sexual intercourse, avoiding multiple sexual partners, and cleaning the genital area with water only. The common side effects of nitrofurantoin are nausea, flatulence, headache, and diarrhea. Watery or bloody diarrhea, facial swelling, and flu-like symptoms (dry cough) require discontinuation, and one should see a doctor (Alam et al., 2019). Phenazopyridine causes urine discoloration to a red color which goes away. The medication’s side effects include kidney and liver damage Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
For the diet, ensure intake of a lot of fluids, fruits, and vegetables. The fluids help with urine and bacteria clearance, while vegetables and fruits increase immunity and promote a healthier urine pH to help eliminate bacteria. Bono and Reygaert (2021) note that hydration eliminates UTIs in as many as 20% of women with UTIs. Understanding acre and collaborating in its provision enhances health, promotes better health outcomes, and increases patient satisfaction. Patient education enhances their knowledge ad care collaboration and is thus an essential care intervention. Shadow Health Patient Makayla Henderson Assignment
