NURS 8201 WEEK 5 ASSIGNMENT: T-TESTS AND ANOVA
Data collection and analysis play a significant role in enabling researchers in different fields to make informed decisions as appropriate. Therefore, researchers employ statistical analysis to convert the data into valuable information that they can interpret and use to make informed decisions. It is vital for nurses, just like researchers in other fields, to be in a position to perform statistical analysis and subsequent analysis for decision-making and improvement of patient care and outcomes (Grey & Grove, 2020). The implication is that nurses should possess adequate knowledge that enables them to determine which statistical tests to use in specific cases. T-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used in research for a long time. While ANOVA can be used to compare data between two or more groups or conditions under investigation to determine if there is a difference, the T-test is used for two groups (Connelly, 2021). As such the purpose of this assignment is to provide a summary of the interpretation of ANOVA offered in the output.
The output data is on material well-being and overall satisfaction, with the data covering comparisons, ANOVA, tests for Homogeneity of variance, and descriptive statistics. In the interpretation of the output, the first part to start with is the descriptive table. This table presents the standard deviation, mean, and 95% confidence interval for the dependent variables for every group in the study. The mean for “No housing problem” is 12.71, “One housing problem” is 11.93, while the mean for “two or more housing problems” is 10.57. the corresponding standard deviations for the three categories are 2.353, 2.588, and 2.594. From the table, it can also be observed that the overall mean for “No housing problem,” “One housing problem,” and “two or more housing problems” is 11.80
A test for homogeneity of variance was also presented in the output. Levene’s test was applied to measure the homogeneity of the variance. From the table, it can be observed that the p-value which resulted from Levene’s tests was 0.122. The implication is that the difference was not significant since the value is above the threshold value, which is usually considered 0.05 (Aslam, 2020).
The next test provided in the output is ANOVA. The ANOVA tests represent the interaction within the group and between the groups of “overall satisfaction” and “material well-being.” One of the interpretations that can be drawn from the ANOVA output is that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. The analysis indicate that the p-value is 0.000, which is well below the threshold of 0.05, hence a statistical significance (Stoker et al.,2020). The value means that the mean of overall satisfaction and material well-being is statistically significant. This test is limited in that it can not be used to explore how the groups are different from each other; therefore, a multiple-comparison computation can be carried out using the Tukey post hoc test.
Another relevant analysis is multiple comparisons of “overall satisfaction” and “material well-being.” This analysis was performed at 0.05 level of confidence. The results obtained indicate a statistically significant difference between the means of the tested groups. It was highlighted in the previous paragraph that the Tukey post hoc test can be used for a more extensive study and exploration of the variables (Nanda et al.,2021). The test has been used to carry out post hoc tests on one-way ANOVA tests. As such, the output also shows the Tukey post hoc test as part of the ANOVA. The use of ANOVA in testing for the similarity of three or more group means, the obtained findings would show that all the group means are not similar.
It is also worth noting that the ANOVA output has not identified if there are any significant differences between the mean pairs. Therefore, post hoc tests is used to determine the differences between the means of the groups while also ensuring that the standard errors are controlled (Grey & Grove, 2020). From the analysis, it is evident that the difference in overall satisfaction between no housing problems and one housing problem was 0.739, which can be considered significant. The next part is the difference in the overall satisfaction between no housing problems and two or more housing problems, a value which was observed to be 2.139, which is also significant. The next data shows the difference between one housing problem and two or more housing problems, which was observed to be 1.401.
A p-value of 0.001 was also obtained for the difference between one housing problem and no housing problems, which is also statistically significant. In the same vein, a p-value of 0.001 was also obtained for the comparison of no housing problems and two or more housing problems, showing statistical significance. A comparison between one housing problem and no housing problem also yielded a p-value of 0.001, which is also statistically significant.
Conclusion
ANOVA and t-tests for the provided data output have been explored in this assignment. The data output focuses on the participants’ overall satisfaction and material well-being, leading to a range of analyses that have been accomplished and discussed. Some of the measures explored include multiple comparisons, ANOVA, tests of Homogeneity of Variance, and descriptives.
References
Aslam, M. (2020). Design of the Bartlett and Hartley tests for Homogeneity of variances under indeterminacy environment. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 14(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1700675
Connelly, L. M. (2021). Introduction to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Medsurg Nursing, 30(3), 218–158. https://www.proquest.com/openview/f36618bf567ad1c0108cea9ffbebc18d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30764
Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Nanda, A., Mohapatra, B. B., Mahapatra, A. P. K., Mahapatra, A. P. K., & Mahapatra, A. P. K. (2021). Multiple comparison test by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD): Do the confident level control type I error. International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, 6(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.22271/maths.2021.v6.i1a.636
Stoker, P., Tian, G., & Kim, J. Y. (2020). Analysis of variance (ANOVA). In Basic Quantitative Research Methods for Urban Planners (pp. 197-219). Routledge.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
You are a DNP-Prepared nurse tasked with evaluating patient care at your practice compared to patient care at affiliated practices. You have noticed that a key complaint from your patients concerns the wait times associated with each patient visit. Based on these complaints, you have decided to compare the wait times at your practice to the wait times at affiliated practices. After recording the wait times at each practice, for 50 individual patients at each practice, you are now prepared to analyze your data. What approach will you use to analyze the data?
In the scenario provided, you might decide to use, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. “ANOVA is a statistical procedure that compares data between two or more groups or conditions to investigate the presence of differences between those groups on some continuous dependent variable” (Gray & Grove, 2020). ANOVA is often a recommended statistical technique, as it has low chance of error for determining differences between three or more groups.
For this Assignment, analyze the ANOVA statistics provided in the ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output document. Examine the results to determine the differences and reflect on how you would interpret these results.
Reference: Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEK 5: LEARNING RESOURCES
Required Readings
- Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.
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- Chapter 25, “Using Statistics to Determine Differences” (pp. 687–698)
- Donovan, L. M., & Payne, C. L. (2021). Organizational commitment of nurse faculty teaching in accelerated baccalaureate nursing programs.Links to an external site. Nursing Education Perspectives,42(2), 81–86. doi:10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000764
- Gray, J. A., & Kim, J. (2020). Palliative care needs of direct care workers caring for people with intellectual and developmental disabilitiesLinks to an external site.. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(1), 69–77. doi:10.1111/bld.12318
- Hilvert, E., Hoover, J., Sterling, A., & Schroeder, S. (2020). Comparing tense and agreement productivity in boys with fragile X syndrome, children with developmental language disorder, and children with typical developmentLinks to an external site.. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 63(4), 1181–1194. doi:10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00022
- Document: Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output Download Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output(PDF)
TO PREPARE:
- Review the Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources.
- Review the Learning Resources on how to interpret ANOVA results to determine differences.
- Consider the results presented in the SPSS output and reflect on how you might interpret the results presented.
THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES)
- Summarize your interpretation of the ANOVA statistics provided in the Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output document.
- Note: Interpretation of the ANOVA output should include identification of the -value to determine whether the differences between the group means are statistically significant.
- Be sure to accurately evaluate each of the results presented (descriptives, ANOVA results, and multiple comparisons using post-hoc analysis)
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632Links to an external site.). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
BY DAY 7
Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 5.
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Rubric
NURS_8201_Week5_Assignment_Rubric
| Criteria | Ratings | Pts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSummarize your interpretation of the ANOVA statistics provided in the Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output document. |
|
45 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeBe sure to evaluate each of the results presented (descriptives, ANOVA results, and multiple comparisons). |
|
40 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. |
|
5 pts | ||||
| Total Points: 100 | ||||||
