Impact of Chronic Disease & Program Planning Model Essay Paper
Chronic Disease Process: Diabetes Mellitus
Intervention Target Behavior(s): diabetes self-management (for diabetes patients) and diabetes prevention and screening
Target Population: American Natives population in New Western Mexico, males and females aged 40-65
In Text Citation (as would appear in a paragraph) National Data
(incidence/prevalence) State Data
(incidence/prevalence) Local (city/county) Data
(incidence/prevalence)
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC], 2022)
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDKD], n.d.).
• 1.4 million new cases of diabetes diagnosed in people aged 18 and above
• Native Americans (14.5%), Non-Hispanic black (12.1%), Hispanic(11.8%), Non-Hispanic Asian (9.5%), Non-Hispanic white (7.4%) • 11.2% are diagnosed with diabetes
• 9.1% newly diagnosed cases among adults aged 18-79
American Diabetes Association (2021) • 200 548 adults in New Mexico have diabetes
• 12.3% of the adult population have diagnosed with diabetes
(A. Jones, Personal Communication, 24th March 2023) • 6.8% of UHS 30-day readmission (14/207) from 2/22 to 3/23
• 10.2% of UHS 60-day readmission (29/283) from 1/22 to 3/23 Impact of Chronic Disease & Program Planning Model Essay Paper
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In Text Citation (as would appear in a paragraph) Target Population Additional Information
(i.e., impact of the disease – economic costs [individual/institutional], mortality rates, lost wages/productivity, morbidity, etc.)
(Bullock et al., 2020) • The Native American population has the highest diabetes prevalence among US ethnic groups
• Women have a slightly higher prevalence than men
• All age groups are affected by diabetes, but the highest prevalence lies in ages 40-65
• Overall diabetes prevalence in this population has significantly decreased from 2013-2017
(O’Connell & Manson, 2019 ) • The diabetes burden is higher among individuals with low incomes
• Prevalence is higher among individuals with lower educational attainment
• Diabetic patients spend about three times more on healthcare costs
• Diabetes complications increase the direct cost of diabetes
• Indirect costs include costs related to mortality, morbidity and reduced productivity
• Medical spending on diabetes exceeds all other conditions
(K. McGill, Personal Communication, 19th March 2023) • The rate of undiagnosed diabetes cases in Native Americans is high
• Complications are related to poor diabetes self-management
• Treating and managing diabetes complications significantly increases financial pressure in healthcare institutions
• The high mortality rates result from complications including neuropathy, retinopathy and amputations
• Diabetes-related mortality is higher in women than in men
Program Planning Model:
In Text Citation (as would appear in a paragraph)
Step/Phase/ Component Definition Activities you might utilize for this planning phase
(Community Tool Box, n.d.) Step 1-Mobilize • Develop a coalition including individuals and organizations that will work together/support the intervention • Identify community groups
• Approach healthcare institutions
• Define a purpose and vision for the coalition
Step 2 -Assess • Identify community needs and resources to address the needs. • Identify needs- gather and evaluate information on diabetes-related issues in the community
• Prioritize issues-to determine which issue to address first
Step 3-Plan • Develop an action plan with deadlines and concrete steps • Set a target, objectives and a feasible timeline
• Assign tasks and responsibilities to individuals
• Identify action strategies and potential measures
Step 4-Implement • Work on completing the tasks and actions in the given timeframe • Monitor the activities
• Diabetes prevention and management programs
• Communicate progress with coalition members
• Develop a communication plan
• Showcase accomplishments
Step 5-Track • Evaluation to identify whether the goal was met and the plan was followed • Evaluate the progress and outcomes
• Outcomes include number of 30 and 60 days’ readmission
• Number of diabetes complications reported
• Newly diagnosed diabetes cases
• Collect and analyze data
• Report progress and outcomes
In Text Citation (as would appear in a paragraph) Notes: Evidence on Program Planning Model
(Caboral-Stevens et al., 2019) • MAP-IT framework used to create a sustainable healthy environment
• The study population had a high prevalence of chronic and cardiovascular diseases Impact of Chronic Disease & Program Planning Model Essay Paper
• Mobilize- priority population identified/coalition created
• Assess- the community needs/ strengths and weaknesses, windshield survey
• Plan- to improve nutrition/sale and procurement of healthy food
• Implement- current food systems assessed, community food fairs conducted
• Track- Monthly and annual progress reports evaluated
(O’Cathain et al., 2019) • MAP-IT program planning model is used to implement interventions in diabetes
• The study findings support using MAP-IT
• Community groups/needs are identified and prioritized
• The plan of action gives the intervention deadlines
• Eases implementation using a communication plan
• Monitoring and evaluation of progress and outcomes inform changes in future interventions
References
American Diabetes Association (2021). The Burden of Diabetes in New Mexico. Accessed March 23rd 2023 from https://diabetes.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/ADV_2021_State_Fact_sheets_New%20Mexico_rev.pdf
Bullock, A., Sheff, K., Hora, I., Burrows, N. R., Benoit, S. R., Saydah, S. H., Hardin, C. L., & Gregg, E. W. (2020). Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in American Indian and Alaska Native adults, 2006-2017. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 8(1), e001218. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001218
Caboral-Stevens, M., Gee, M., Kachaturoff, M., & Wu, T. Y. (2019). MAP-IT in Action: Developing a Plan to Improve the Food Systems Frequented by Bangladeshi Americans Living in Hamtramck, Michigan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(9). 350–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.09.2019.p9345
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022). National Diabetes Statistics Report. https://nationaldppcsc.cdc.gov/s/article/CDC-2022-National-Diabetes-Statistics-Report
Community Tool Box (n.d.) Section 14. MAP-IT: A Model for Implementing Healthy People 2020. Accessed March 23rd 2023 from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/community-tool-box-toc/overview/chapter-2-other-models-promoting-community-health-and-development-54
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (n.d.). Diabetes Statistics. Accessed March 23rd 2023 from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/diabetes-statistics
O’Cathain, A., Croot, L., Sworn, K., Duncan, E., Rousseau, N., Turner, K., Yardley, L. & Hoddinott, P. (2019). Taxonomy of approaches to developing interventions to improve health: a systematic methods overview. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 5(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-019-0425-6
O’Connell, J. M., & Manson, S. M. (2019). Understanding the economic costs of diabetes and prediabetes and what we may learn about reducing the health and economic burden of these conditions. Diabetes Care, 42(9), 1609–1611. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0017 Impact of Chronic Disease & Program Planning Model Essay Paper
