Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

MN505M3-3: Analyze health promotion and illness prevention risk factors in a multicultural context.

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PC-4.3: Apply concepts of multiculturalism and diversity to become an agent of change.

Health Statistics and Populations

Directions

Consider you are preparing for a project to evaluate multicultural impact and diversity within a health condition. You will select a health topic of interest such as breastfeeding, domestic violence, or juvenile diabetes that affects a specific population such as older adults, women of reproductive age, or race diversity related to a condition. Locate health statistics for your selections. You must include national and state data, and may also include local county or city data if available. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Access the Assignment Grid. Follow the guide directions in the left-hand column of the grid for each section. Research content regarding concepts of multiculturalism and diversity, and include interventions that address health disparities.

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Population of Interest and Condition

Identify and define a health condition or event.
Define the population by gender, age, and health status.
Identify cultural aspects in the literature review.

Search Process

Detail the search process and summarize three components of health sources used in the project.
Include names of journals, organizations, and agencies for health statistics.
Include state and national resources.
Include search criteria such as keywords and date ranges of sources. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Health Information

Document relevant health information obtained from the search, including four components of the topic: clinical health information, associated risk factors, significant statistics, and local and national epidemiological trends related to change in the US and global settings.

Research Findings

Demonstrate disparities statistically.
Address two evidence-based clinical interventions that are designed to reduce the specific disparities in the examined population.
Include two multicultural aspects of these interventions.
In the literature application, demonstrate concepts of multiculturalism and diversity to become an agent of change.
Include two clinical guidelines or evidence-based management/treatment of the overall health topic to support your stance. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Summary

You will provide a summation of your review. Examples of concepts may include personal beliefs and values, the benefits of diverse perspectives, the importance of tolerance, etc. Provide examples of how to bridge cultural differences and build effective relationships for improved health outcomes on the topic.

Tab 2

Format Expectations

Follows all assignment directions.
Information is inputted in the provided grid.
Information within sections is organized to convey the content to the reader.
Content grid should be 3–4 pages of information.
May be single-spaced. Bulleting may be used. Contains less than two APA errors in paper format, reference page, in-text citations, or headings.
Includes a title page and reference page.
Uses six or more credible peer-reviewed sources.

Carefully consider the directions in each section of the table. There should be substantive information in the last two sections particularly. Do not alter the left-hand column.

Master’s-prepared nurse educators, leaders, nurse practitioners, and all specialty nursing fields contribute to health promotion in populations across the life span. This assignment is focused on the analysis of epidemiological and health information, including illness prevention, risk factors disparities, and intervention. Students should be able to integrate these concepts in a multicultural context to their specialty focus related to health promotion and epidemiology. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Unit 6 Assignment Grid

Data Search Directions

Summarize Your Findings

Identify the population of interest and health condition or event to your practice.

Specify how you define the population (e.g., age, gender, health status, etc.).

Healthcare disparities are controllable society or community differences in access to healthcare services and disease burden. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition and a global health issue. About 450 million individuals globally have diabetes, and more than 1 million people die of diabetes each year, making it a leading cause of death (Khan et al., 2020). Different ages and populations are affected by the condition. According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes is the most expensive condition, and more than 20% of the healthcare spending is on diabetes (Khan et al., 2020). Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among adults above 18, accounting for over 90% of all cases (CDC, 2021). Diabetes affects both genders, but female Hispanics/Latinos are more affected. The prevalence of diabetes and the severity of diabetes complications is highest in this population. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

Summarize your search process.

Specify what sources, organizations, and agencies for health statistics were searched to find relevant health statistics.

Be specific and thorough in your search.

Some reputable databases provided data to inform the analysis. They include Cochrane Library (Wiley), PubMed, Medline, and EBSCO databases. They provide peer-reviewed healthcare articles that are well structured to inform research and provide healthcare data. In addition to these databases, various healthcare organizations were integral in the search. These organizations are the CDC, WHO, IHI, AHRQ, and ADA (American Diabetes Association). These organizations provided evidence from national and regional high-level studies and programs. The data was searched using various keywords such as “diabetes burden,” “diabetes and Hispanic Americans,” “Diabetes health disparities,” and “Diabetes racial predisposition. The literature search results were filtered to include data from 2018 up to date.

Provide the health information obtained in the search.

Include new research.

Include any significant statistics and information on

● health

● risk factors

● trends

● local (state)

● US national

epidemiology data on your topic. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

According to the CDC, all individuals have at least a 40% chance of getting type 2 diabetes in their lifetime, and the risk is higher among Hispanic Americans with over 66% chance (CDC, 2021). The risk is also relatively high among African Americans and Asian Americas.

Genetics, food/ eating habits, and activity/weight are the significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Most Latinos view being overweight as a sign of health and not ill-health, and their foods are high in fats and calories (CDC, 2021). A family history of diabetes also exposes one to diabetes, but the genetic risk is complicated.

According to Khan et al., 2020), about 37.3 million (11.8%) US citizens have diabetes. The rates are steadily rising, significantly in the developed countries. Khan et al. (2020) explain that the prevalence of diabetes is expected to project to 21% from 1. According to Hill-Briggs et al. (2021), minority groups such as Hispanics and African Americans face various social and environmental problems and genetic risks.

According to the American Diabetes Association (2019), US diabetes prevalence as of 2019 was as follows: 7.4% of non-Hispanic whites, 14.5% of American Indians, 11.8% of Hispanics, 9.5% of Asian Americans, and 12.1% African American. The Hispanics in the state (Georgia) are relatively higher than the general population (CDC, 2021).

Interpret your findings and determine if there is any evidence of health disparities based on the population examined.

Address multicultural factors that influence the health issue.

Address clinical guidelines/ evidence-based management of the overall health topic with interventions and programs to improve health disparities.

Provide a summation of your review with examples of how to bridge cultural differences and build effective relationships for improved health outcomes on the topic.

Healthcare disparities exist in access and utilization of diabetes health services among Hispanic Americans. According to the presented evidence, the risk and severity of diabetes are higher in Hispanic Americans than in the general population (Khan et al., 2020; CDC, 2021; ADA, 2021). These disparities are caused by genetic exposure and cultural, communication, and financial barriers to healthcare access. These disparities and their risk factors will be addressed in other sections in this paper.

The major cultural factors that affect diabetes include eating habits, healthcare-seeking behavior, and weight/ activity (CDC, 2021). Diet and exercise have a significant effect on diabetes risk and management. Poor eating habits such as foods rich in calories and fats carry a significant risk of developing insulin resistance, the conditions underlying the condition. Failure to exercise leads to low body metabolism, overweight, and obesity, increasing the risks for diabetes (ADA, 2021). Vigorous exercises also help reduce weight and the risk of other conditions such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. The population also has lower education and social class, hence financial disparities that reduce access to quality healthcare services (CDC, 2021). These disparities can be addressed,

According to WHO and ADA diabetes management frameworks, dieting, exercise, and medications are the best management interventions according to individual needs (ADA, 2021; WHO, 2018 ). Some individuals achieve effective glycemic control with proper dieting and exercise. Individuals with resistant diabetes require daily insulin or medications. The existing guidelines also recommend yearly diabetic foot exams, eye exams, and HbA1c tests as part of the follow-up program (ADA, 2021). Diabetes education is an integral part of diabetes management. Existing evidence shows that diabetes education is essential in promoting patients’ self-efficacy and self-management and ensuring better patient health outcomes (Ghisi et al., 2021).

Diabetes is a chronic and expensive healthcare condition, as discussed earlier. The burden of the disease is higher among Hispanic adults. The risk factors are genetic, social, and environmental factors hence the need to address the healthcare problem. Addressing these factors can thus significantly improve the burden in this population. Mass education programs, like those carried out by the National Diabetes Education Program targeting, are integral in sensitizing the people of the significant health risks associated with diabetes. Health education leads to improved health-seeking and promotes responsible health behavior. In addition, education increases awareness of available resources, increasing their access and utilization.

Communication and financial barriers to healthcare access. Providing translators and good healthcare insurance systems effectively increases individuals’ access to healthcare services. Al Shamsi et al. (2020) state that ineffective communication leads to poor communication, poor patient-nurse relationships, increased errors, hence the need for translators or translating systems in multicultural communities. Another effective way of bridging cultural differences is sensitizing healthcare providers of these community differences (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021). Informing healthcare providers ensures they recognize and respect cultural differences and assist patients in achieving health statuses despite the cultural differences. Healthcare insurance acts and policies such as Universal Health Coverage, Medicare, and Affordable Care Act have been the frontline in reducing healthcare disparities and financial barriers to healthcare access (Iqbal, 2019). Economic empowerment through easier access to healthcare insurance significantly improves an individual’s health. According to Iqbal (2019), financing healthcare significantly improves access to healthcare services and can thus reduce the healthcare disparities in these minority groups. The government and healthcare institutions leaders should take these issues seriously to manage the healthcare disparities and reduce the high diabetes burden among Hispanic whites. Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment

References

ADA’s Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. (2021). Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 39(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd21-pe01

Al Shamsi, H., Almutairi, A. G., Al Mashrafi, S., & Al Kalbani, T. (2020). Implications of language barriers for healthcare: a systematic review. Oman Medical Journal, 35(2), e122.https://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.40

American Diabetes Association, (2019). Statistics About Diabetes. Overall numbers. https://www.diabetes.org/about-us/statistics/about-diabetes

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). Hispanic/Latino Americans and Type 2 Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/hispanic-diabetes.html

Cheng, Y. J., Kanaya, A. M., Araneta, M. R. G., Saydah, S. H., Kahn, H. S., Gregg, E. W., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Imperatore, G. (2019). Prevalence of diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA, 322(24), 2389-2398.https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19365

Ghisi, G. L. D. M., Seixas, M. B., Pereira, D. S., Cisneros, L. L., Ezequiel, D. G. A., Aultman, C., & da Silva, L. P. (2021). Patient education program for Brazilians living with diabetes and prediabetes: findings from a development study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-16.https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11300-y

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021). Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 258-279.https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053

Iqbal, M. H. (2019). Disparities of health service for the poor in the coastal area: does Universal health coverage reduce disparities?. Journal Of Market Access & Health Policy, 7(1), 1575683. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). WHO Guidelines on Diabetes Management in Low-Resource Settings. https://www.jwatch.org/na47446/2018/09/20/who-guidelines-diabetes-management-low-resource-settings Applying Concepts of Multiculturalism and Diversity Assignment