Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles
The theory of interest/selected is Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory. I chose this theorist because she focuses on empowering patients to take care of their health. The primary goal is to remain healthy and valuable in societies because societies are merit-based. Orem views nursing as “bridging the gap” for individuals. In healthcare, nurses assist individuals in meeting needs they cannot meet due to their deficits (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022. The concept of nursing is majorly based on this concept. For example, care plans for patients with musculoskeletal orders include bed baths, exercises, patient education, assistance with activities of daily living such as relieving, eating, and walking. Such activities are excluded when dealing with admitted patients due to labor and delivery. The theory also relates to the nursing process, which assesses the patient’s needs and attempts to fill in those gaps. In my opinion, the self-care theory best explains the reasons underpinning all nursing interventions. The essay analyzes the development of the self-care deficit theory from the historical context, syntax, testing, and evaluation Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles.
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Theory Analysis
Historical Context
I, Dorothea Orem, developed this theory because I believe nursing is a theory grounded on caring. Empowering patients is a powerful tool for promoting their health and preventing illness and health limitations. I developed this theory after finding out that some interventions carried out routinely are not beneficial to most patients due to their diversified needs. In my opinion, nursing provides specialized assistance to promote patient self-care. The specialized assistance includes activities like encouraging, compensating, protecting, and nourishing patients as they recover from illness and injury (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022)Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles. It also includes teaching them self-care to promote their health at home. However, nursing does not include performing activities that patients can do for themselves without deficits. From what was discussed, nursing provides ‘special’ care.
Syntax
Humans are systems capable of developing means (self-care) to cope with physical and psychosocial life demands. When these means fail, they require self-care agencies (such as nursing) to meet these needs. Every patient comes to the hospital with different needs which need to be addressed holistically (Deng et al., 2021). Thus, there was a need to shift from routine care to individual-based care, which focuses on patient care deficits and addresses them appropriately (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022). Nursing provides the special care that produces patients responsible for their health. The nurse should promote recovery and patient care at home. Human agencies, including nursing, identify, transfer, ad develop different means for assessing and providing care. Thus, the professionals share responsibilities depending on their abilities (skills, knowledge, and practice scope)Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles. Thus, those are the core concepts underpinning my theory
Theory Testing
Major underpinnings of a theory need testing to ensure they are working. Xu et al. (2020) carried out a study to examine the effects of self-care deficit theory on the quality of life of older adults after sustaining hip fractures. The researchers conducted a randomized control trial using 130 older adults with hip fractures. Self-care model interventions were compared to traditional care, and the complications results, including pneumonia, urinary infection, and deep venous thrombosis pressure ulcers, were evaluated. The complications results from the study showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) between the experiment and control groups. The education program based on the self-care model effectively improved self-efficacy in these older adults. In another study, Khatiban et al. (2018) tested the Self-care model to determine if applying it in trauma patients on chest tubes would improve self-care knowledge, attitudes, practices, and respiratory conditions. The education took place in three days, based on the self-care model. The results showed significant improvement in self-care compared to the control group. Hence, concepts of the theory can be successfully applied to improve patient health outcomes and self-efficacy Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles.
Theory Evaluation
There are several key evaluation questions of concern for the theory. These questions are based on relevance (applies to the nursing field), effectiveness (costs and time), and efficacy (achieving the desired results). These questions are: is the theory relevant to nursing practice? Is the self-care theory effective? Does the self-care model improve healthcare efficacy? The theory explains the primary concept underpinning various nursing practices, such as the nursing process, hence its relevance and the broad application of the theory (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022). The theory also filters out activities that the patients can do for themselves, reducing healthcare costs and time wastage. It also helps avoid complications during care hence its effectiveness (Deng et al., 2021). Various research studies prove that the theory improves self-efficacy by improving the patient’s self-care knowledge. Hence the theory is relevant and highly effective (Hartwed & Metcalfe, 2022)Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles.
Theory Evaluation in Practice
The self-care theory is widely applied to improve patient outcomes and improve healthcare delivery processes. The theory is applied in patient education for patient empowerment during the care process. Maslakpak et al. (2018) applied the self-care model to prevent and manage diabetic foot ulcers, one of the major diabetes complications. The researchers found significant improvement in self-care means, ischemia, and wound infection between the two groups in the quasi-experimental study. According to Maslakpak et al. (2018)Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles, the theory can be utilized in diabetes foot care to lower medical costs and amputation risks.
Saeedifar et al. (2018) applied the theory to manage pain in women who have arthritis. Self-care behavior in rheumatoid arthritis is a vital pain management factor, and the self-care model helped provide empowering education on rheumatoid self-care. The study results showed significant effectiveness in pain reduction among these women with rheumatoid arthritis. Khademian et al. (2020) applied the theory in hypertensive patient education to improve their self-efficacy and quality of life. The mean scores for the quality of life were significantly higher in the experiment group than the control after six and eight weeks. Still, the self-efficacy means had no statistical significance. The studies show considerable significance in the theory application. It is widely applicable to patient education to improve self-care, management, efficacy, and quality of life Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles.
Conclusion
Orem’s self-care deficit theory/ self-care model is essential in improving nursing practice. As discussed above, the theory’s primary concept is patient empowerment and postulates that nurses and other healthcare providers are agencies that provide the care which patients cannot provide themselves. It also entails enhancing patients’ self-efficacy and self-care ability. Thus, the model is widely applied in education programs with high degrees of success. As seen above, the theory can be used as a care planning tool and patient education framework. Healthcare leaders should leverage the theory for patient care planning to improve patient self-efficacy, self-management, and quality of life Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles.
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References
Deng, Q., Kang, L., Zhu, S., Luo, W., Qing, J., Zhong, S., Wu, Y., Lu, J., & Dong, H. (2021). Effects of nursing based on Orem’s self-care model on self-care efficacy, quality of life, and adverse emotions in patients with advanced lung cancer. American Journal Of Translational Research, 13(4), 2983. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017465
Hartweg, D. L., & Metcalfe, S. A. (2022). Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory: Relevance and Need for Refinement. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184211051369
Khademian, Z., Ara, F. K., & Gholamzadeh, S. (2020). The effect of self-care education based on Orem’s nursing theory on quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with hypertension: a quasi-experimental study. International Journal Of Community-Based Nursing And Midwifery, 8(2), 140. https://dx.doi.org/10.30476/IJCBNM.2020.81690.0
Khatiban, M., Shirani, F., Oshvandi, K., Soltanian, A. R., & Ebrahimian, R. (2018). Orem’s self-care model with trauma patients: a quasi-experimental study. Nursing Science Quarterly, 31(3), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318418774876
Maslakpak, H. M., Shahbaz, A., Parizad, N., & Ghafourifard, M. (2018). Preventing and managing diabetic foot ulcers: application of Orem’s self-care model. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 38(2), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-017-0570-5
Saeedifar, E. S., Memarian, R., Fatahi, S., & Ghelichkhani, F. (2018). Use of the Orem self-care model on pain relief in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Electronic Physician, 10(6), 6884. https://dx.doi.org/10.19082/6884
Xu, X., Han, J., Li, Y., Sun, X., Lin, P., Chen, Y., Gao, F., Li, Z., Zhang, S., & Sun, W. (2020). Effects of Orem’s self-care model on the life quality of elderly patients with hip fractures. Pain Research and Management, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5602683 Nursing Theory Based On Advanced Nursing Roles
